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Maria W. Stewart
Maria W. Stewart (Maria Miller) (1803 – February 6, 1880) was a domestic servant who became an African-American journalist, lecturer, abolitionist, and women's rights activist.
The first American woman to speak to a mixed audience of men and women, whites and black, Stewart was also the first African-American woman to make public lectures, as well as to lecture about women’s rights and make a public anti-slavery speech. ''The Liberator'' published two pamphlets by Stewart: ''Religion and Pure Principles of Morality, the Sure Foundation on Which We Must Build'' (which advocated abolition and black autonomy) and another of religious meditations. In February 1833, Stewart addressed Boston’s African Masonic Lodge, which soon ended her brief lecturing career. Her claim that black men lacked “ambition and requisite courage” caused an uproar amongst the audience, and Stewart soon decided to retire from giving lectures. Seven months later, she gave a farewell address at a schoolroom in the African Meeting House ("Paul's Church"). Stewart then moved to New York, then to Baltimore, and finally Washington, DC, where she worked as a schoolteacher, and then as head matron at Freedmen's Hospital, where she ultimately died.
==Early life==
Born Maria Miller, the child of free African-American parents in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1803. At the age of five Maria lost both parents and was sent to live with a minister and his family. Maria continued as a servant in that home until she was 15, without receiving any formal education. When Maria turned 20, she began to attend Sabbath School, and developed a lifelong affinity for religious work. While attending that school, she continued to work as a domestic servant.
On August 10, 1826, Maria Miller married James W. Stewart, an independent shipping agent, before the Reverend Thomas Paul, pastor of the African Meeting House, in Boston, Massachusetts. Their marriage lasted only three years and produced no children; James Stewart died in 1829. The executors of his estate deprived Maria as his widow of any inheritance. However, James had served in the War of 1812 and eventually, a law was passed allowing veterans' widows their husbands' pensions.〔Ashira Adwoa, ("Maria W. Stewart" ), ''African American'' (December 13, 2010).〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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